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Retinoblastoma
DEFINItion
Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in childhood.
It originates from retinal cells and can be unilateral when affecting one eye and bilateral when affecting both eyes. It can occur in a single location, or in multiple foci within the eye. It usually affects children younger than two years of age.
symptoms
This condition is noted by the presence of leukocoria or white color in the pupil, in nearly 90% of cases.
También puede presentarse como estrabismo.
This condition is noted by the presence of leukocoria or white color in the pupil, in nearly 90% of cases.
It can also be detected in family photos, when the "red eye" effect is noticed. Here, the affected image shows a white spot instead of a red reflex.
causes
The tumor arises from a genetic mutation in the retinal cells.
The condition is hereditary in 25% of cases.
treatment
If the tumor is large and occupies a considerable portion of the ocular globe, the globe must be surgically removed. At the same time a PMMA protesis or conformer is introduced.
Currently, new treatments with chemotherapy may reduce tumor size significantly.
It is also feasible to perform a laser photocoagulation, place radiation plates, or implement external radiation.
Retinoblastoma is an emergent condition. When detected early enough it has a 95% survival rate throughout life.
When the tumor does not affect the central aspect of the retina, it is possible to preserve not only the eyeball but also vision.